A heat pump is a refrigeration machine used to transfer heat from one room or area to another. The heat pump is designed to take heat from a medium-temperature supply, similar to out of doors air, and convert it to higher-temperature heat for distribution within a structure. Via a specifically designed reversing valve, the pump can even extract heat from the indoor air and expel it outdoors.
Because a heat pump system uses the reverse-cycle principle of operation, its working precept is typically referred to as reverse cycle conditioning or reverse-cycle refrigeration. The latter term just isn’t right because there are basic differences between the working principles of a heat pump and a real refrigeration unit. The confusion probably stems from the truth that through the cooling cycle, the operation of a pump is equivalent to that of the mechanical refrigeration cycle in a packaged air con unit. The indoor coil function as an evaporator, cooling the indoor air. The outdoor coil is condenser, in which the recent refrigerant gas releases heat to the outside air.
Heat Pump Operating Principles
The two principal phases of heat pump operation are the heating and cooling cycles. A third section, the defrost cycle is used to protect the coils from excessive frost buildup.
Heating Cycle
The heating cycle of a heat pump begins with the circulation of a refrigerant through the outside coils. Initially, the refrigerant is in a low-pressure, low-temperature liquid state however it quickly absorbs enough heat from the outdoor air to boost its temperature to the boiling point. Upon reaching the boiling point, the refrigerant modifications right into a sizzling vapor or gas. This gas is then compressed by the compressor and circulated under high pressure and temperature by means of the indoor coils, the place it comes into contact with the cooler room air that circulates across the coils. The cooler air causes the gas to chill, condense and return to the liquid state. The condensation of the refrigerant vapor releases heat to the interior of the structure. After the refrigerant has returned to a liquid state, it passes via a particular pressure-reducing machine and back by way of the coils where the heating cycle starts all over again.
Cooling Cycle
In the cooling cycle, the reverse valve causes he flow of the refrigerant to be reversed. In consequence, the compressor pumps the refrigerant in the opposite direction in order that the coils that heat the building or area in cold weather cool it in warm weather. In other words, the heat is extracted from the interior, cycled by means of the heat pump after which expelled outside the building or space during the condensation of refrigerant.
Defrost Cycle
Because the out of doors air is relatively cool when the heat pump is on the heating cycle, and the out of doors coil is acting as an evaporator, frost kinds on the surface of the coil under certain conditioners of temperature and relative humidity. Because this layer of frost on the coils interferes with the environment friendly operation of the heat pump, it have to be removed. This is accomplished by placing the pump by way of a defrost cycle.
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